Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system and multiply, affecting the bladder, urethra, ureters, or kidneys. UTIs are common and can affect people of all ages, though they occur more frequently in women. Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to more severe pain and illness if the infection spreads.

Common symptoms include a burning sensation when urinating, frequent or urgent need to urinate, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, lower abdominal pain, and discomfort in the pelvis or lower back. Some individuals may also experience fever, chills, nausea, or fatigue, particularly in more advanced infections.

Prompt treatment is important to prevent complications, especially kidney involvement. Management usually includes antibiotics and supportive care such as increased fluid intake. This section explores the causes of UTIs, typical symptoms, treatment options, and warning signs — such as fever or flank pain — that indicate the need for urgent medical attention.