Obesity

Obesity is a complex health condition characterised by excessive body fat that increases the risk of a wide range of medical problems. It is typically assessed using body mass index (BMI), but overall health, body composition, and lifestyle factors also play an important role. Obesity can develop gradually and is influenced by a combination of diet, physical activity, genetics, environment, and underlying health conditions.

Common health risks associated with obesity include type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, joint problems, sleep apnea, and certain cancers. Some individuals may also experience fatigue, reduced mobility, shortness of breath, and low self-esteem or mental health challenges.

Managing obesity often involves long-term lifestyle changes, including balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, behavioural support, and, in some cases, medication or surgery. Sustainable weight management focuses on overall health rather than rapid weight loss. This section explores the causes of obesity, associated health risks, management options, and the importance of professional support for long-term wellbeing.