Lumbar Disc Herniation

A lumbar disc herniation occurs when the soft inner material of a spinal disc in the lower back pushes through its outer layer and irritates nearby nerves. This condition is a common cause of lower back pain and can lead to symptoms that extend beyond the spine, particularly into the hips, legs, or feet. It may develop gradually due to age-related wear or suddenly following heavy lifting or twisting.

Common symptoms include lower back pain, sharp or burning pain radiating down one leg, numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness. Symptoms often worsen with sitting, bending, coughing, or lifting. In many cases, pain improves over time with conservative treatment such as rest, physical therapy, pain relief, and activity modification.

More severe cases may involve significant nerve compression and require further medical intervention. This section explores the causes and symptoms of lumbar disc herniation, treatment and recovery options, and warning signs — such as loss of bladder or bowel control or progressive weakness — that require urgent medical attention.