Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to support normal body functions. These hormones play a key role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, body temperature, and many other processes, so reduced hormone levels can affect multiple systems throughout the body. Hypothyroidism often develops gradually, making early symptoms easy to overlook.

Common symptoms include persistent fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, hair thinning, constipation, muscle weakness, and low mood or depression. Some people may also experience changes in heart rate, memory or concentration difficulties, and swelling of the face or neck. Causes can include autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto’s disease, certain medications, iodine deficiency, or previous thyroid treatment.

With proper diagnosis and management, hypothyroidism is usually well controlled. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy and regular monitoring. This section explains the causes and symptoms of hypothyroidism, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, and signs that suggest it’s important to seek medical advice.