Heart Disease

Heart disease is a broad term used to describe conditions that affect the heart’s structure and function. It includes disorders such as coronary artery disease, heart rhythm problems, heart valve conditions, and heart failure. Heart disease often develops over time and may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages, yet it remains one of the leading causes of serious illness worldwide.

Common symptoms can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, heart palpitations, and swelling in the legs or ankles. Some people may also experience symptoms such as nausea or pain radiating to the arm, neck, jaw, or back, particularly during physical activity or stress. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and family history.

Early detection and ongoing management are critical to reducing complications. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medication, medical procedures, or surgery, depending on the type and severity of heart disease. This section explores common forms of heart disease, symptoms to watch for, treatment approaches, and when urgent medical care is required.