What you need to know
- A urinary tract infection (UTI) is known medically as dysuria and it occurs when bacteria enters the urethra and multiplies in the bladder.
- Most UTIs will clear up in around 3-7 days with the correct antibiotic treatment. If left untreated, they can lead to more severe kidney infections.
- The symptoms of a UTI can also be very similar to some STIs, vaginal infections and irritation caused by hygiene products. This is why it is essential to seek help at the first sign of a UTI.
Urinary tract infections explained
UTIs are very common infections of the bladder, caused by bacteria entering the urethra and multiplying in the bladder. The lining of the bladder can become inflamed, leading to a feeling of always needing to urinate, along with a burning sensation with urination.
Antibiotics are needed to tackle a UTI, as this will help to kill the bacteria causing the infection and prevent it from spreading further.
If left untreated, the infection can spread to the kidneys, and this can lead to permanent kidney damage or sepsis.
UTIs share a lot of symptoms with other conditions, including sexually transmitted diseases and vaginal infections. This is why it’s so important to know the symptoms so that you can act quickly.
Signs of a urinary tract infection
The most obvious signs of a urinary tract infection will be pain when urinating and an urge to urinate frequently. There are further symptoms to look out for that could help to diagnose your UTI and rule out other conditions.
- Cloudy, dark or strong-smelling urine
- Blood in the urine, which can look pink, red or brown
- Pain or pressure in the lower pelvis and abdomen
- Behavioural changes in older adults, including confusion or irritability
If the infection spreads further, you should look out for the following symptoms, as these could indicate that the infection is getting worse.
- High temperature, fever, shivering or chills
- Pain in the back or side
- Nausea and vomiting
- Confusion or dizziness
If left untreated, the infection can spread to the kidneys, and this can lead to permanent kidney damage or sepsis.
What else causes a burning sensation when urinating?
A urinary tract infection can often be mistaken for other conditions. These are listed below, with additional symptoms to look out for so that you can tell the difference.
- Sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause a burning sensation when urinating. This is often accompanied by a discharge.
- A vaginal infection like a yeast infection will often be accompanied by a thick, white and odourless discharge.
- Prostate inflammation can cause discomfort when urinating and this may be accompanied by difficulty urinating, a weak flow and lower back pain.
- Irritation from hygiene products mimics the symptoms of a UTI. This will go away by discounting use of the irritating products. Common culprits include soaps, scented toilet paper, douches and lubricants.
How is a urinary tract infection treated?
Since a UTI is caused by bacteria, it can be treated with a simple course of antibiotics. It’s important to finish all of the pills, as stopping before the end could allow the bacteria to return.
You should also stay hydrated with plain water, as this will help to dilute your urine, making it less painful to urinate. It’s important that you don’t hold your urine during this time, so try to stay close to a bathroom.
If you have frequent urinary tract infections, you should visit your primary care physician. Frequent is defined as two in six months, or three in a year. You may need to give a urine sample so that the type of bacteria can be identified to make sure you receive the correct antibiotics.
Frequently asked questions
Is it normal for a UTI to be extremely painful?
Yes, a UTI can be incredibly uncomfortable and lead to pain when urinating and general pain. It can make you feel like you need to urinate more often, or like you cannot fully empty your bladder. If the pain moves to your back or side, this could indicate that it has spread to your kidneys.
What should you avoid when you have a UTI?
When you have a UTI, avoid holding on to your urine for longer than necessary. You should also avoid applying any scented products that could irritate the area. It’s a good idea to avoid drinks that could cause irritation, including caffeine, alcohol, carbonated drinks and citrus drinks. It’s best to drink plenty of water while completing your course of antibiotics to help flush out the bacteria.
Should I stay off work with a UTI?
If you might struggle to use the restroom with ease, it might be a good idea to stay home from work in the early stages of your UTI. You need rest and adequate hydration to be able to tackle a UTI.
